Understanding Ingrown Toenails: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Ingrown toenails are a common and often painful condition that can affect anyone, but they are particularly prevalent among individuals who wear tight shoes or have specific foot shapes. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage this condition effectively.

What Are Ingrown Toenails?

An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, redness, and swelling. This condition most frequently affects the big toe, but other toes can be involved as well. If left untreated, ingrown toenails can lead to infections and other complications.

Causes of Ingrown Toenails

Several factors can contribute to the development of ingrown toenails:

  1. Improper Nail Trimming: Cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges can encourage the nail to grow into the skin.
  2. Footwear: Tight shoes or socks can put pressure on the toes, increasing the risk of ingrowth.
  3. Foot Shape: Some people have naturally curved toenails that are more prone to ingrowing.
  4. Injury: Trauma to the toe, such as stubbing it or dropping something heavy, can cause the nail to grow improperly.
  5. Genetics: A family history of ingrown toenails may predispose individuals to the condition.

Symptoms of Ingrown Toenails

The symptoms of an ingrown toenail can vary but generally include:

  • Pain: Often sharp and localized around the affected toe.
  • Redness and Swelling: The area surrounding the nail may become inflamed.
  • Pus or Drainage: In cases of infection, there may be drainage or a foul odor.
  • Difficulty Wearing Shoes: Pain may make it hard to wear closed-toe shoes comfortably.

Treatment Options

Treating an ingrown toenail can often be managed at home, but severe cases may require professional intervention.

Home Remedies

  1. Soaking: Soaking the affected foot in warm, soapy water can help reduce swelling and ease pain.
  2. Cotton or Dental Floss: Gently lifting the edge of the nail with a small piece of cotton or dental floss can help guide it to grow above the skin.
  3. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort.
  4. Antibiotic Ointment: Applying an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment can prevent infection.

Professional Treatment

If home remedies do not relieve symptoms or if an infection is present, it may be necessary to see a healthcare provider. Treatment options include:

  • Partial Nail Removal: A healthcare provider may remove part of the ingrown nail to allow it to grow out properly.
  • Complete Nail Removal: In severe or recurrent cases, complete removal of the nail may be recommended.
  • Nail Matrix Surgery: For chronic ingrown toenails, the nail matrix (the tissue that produces the nail) may be permanently removed to prevent regrowth.

Conclusion

Ingrown toenails can be uncomfortable and sometimes lead to serious complications if not addressed. Understanding the causes and treatment options can help individuals manage this condition effectively. If you experience persistent pain or symptoms of infection, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further issues. Taking preventive measures can help you keep your feet healthy and free from ingrown toenails. This is something we treat daily here at Indianola Foot and Ankle Clinic, and relief can be achieved on the first day of visit. Relief can even be achieved without needles in some instances!